PUBLIC RESEARCH
The difference between the stated best ask and best bid. A relative spread uses a defined denominator, commonly the midpoint; the price difference alone does not specify available trading quantity.
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Fund research
We examine IALT’s investment methods, portfolio disclosures and daily NAV record, including the June 2026 drawdown and its recovery. A longer record remains necessary for assessment across market cycles.
KeywordsNet asset value, Drawdown, Portfolio exposure, Quoted spread, Market liquidity
Market microstructure study
A market-microstructure study of seven selected QNTUSDT perpetual-futures observations dated 28 September 2026. The analysis compares quoted spreads and displayed first-level quantities, with price context and explicit measurement conventions.
KeywordsOrder book, Quoted spread, Market liquidity, Information availability
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READING & REUSE
Manuscript pages link to the original text and citation record. Fund and market studies identify their evidence, observation dates and analytical scope; notes explain methods, while browser experiments use synthetic data.
For a replication question or correction, include the title, version and the specific passage or calculation.